Winter in Northern California can be breathtaking — the sun glinting off Lake Tahoe’s snow-covered slopes, fog weaving through the redwoods at Mount Tam, or icy winds whipping across Lassen’s high country. But along with the beauty comes risk: hypothermia can set in quickly when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, dropping below 95°F. Whether you’re skiing, snowshoeing, or hiking rugged trails, knowing how to spot it, prevent it, and respond can make all the difference.
Recognize the Signs
Mild/Moderate Hypothermia (90°–95°F):
- Shivering
- Loss of coordination/fine motor control
- Slurred speech, lethargy
- Poor judgment, reduced group interaction
Severe Hypothermia (Below 90°F):
- Shivering stops
- Unable to walk, usually lying down
- Confusion, apathy, irrational behavior
- Unconsciousness
- Slow breathing, slow pulse
Field Tip:
A shivering patient with clear speech is usually still in mild hypothermia. If shivering stops, they’re likely in a life-threatening state.
Prevention Tips
- Layer Clothing: Start with a moisture-wicking base, add insulated layers, and top with a waterproof, windproof shell. Think wool or synthetic for warmth that keeps you dry.
- Stay Dry: Snow, rain, or sweat can sap body heat quickly. Carry extra socks, gloves, and jackets — and change wet items as soon as possible.
- Keep Moving: Activity generates heat, but pace yourself to avoid exhaustion on long climbs or snowshoe routes.
- Seek Shelter: Use tents, tarps, natural windbreaks, or tree cover when wind or weather picks up. Even a short break behind a rock outcrop can make a big difference.
- Eat & Drink: Warm, sweet beverages and high-energy snacks help maintain core temperature. Avoid alcohol — it accelerates heat loss.
- Buddy System: Watch each other closely for shivering, confusion, or loss of coordination. Team awareness can prevent a small problem from becoming serious.
Emergency Response
- Move the person out of wind and wet conditions. Even a few steps to a sheltered area helps.
- Remove wet clothing and replace with dry, insulated layers.
- Wrap in sleeping bags, insulated pads, or blankets — focus on the torso first.
- Rewarm gradually; avoid sudden limb warming to prevent shock.Use external heat sources if available.
- Keep the patient horizontal and limit extremity movement. Monitor ABCs — heart and breathing may slow significantly. In severe cases, the patient may need rescue breathing for 5–15 minutes before moving.
- Offer warm (non-alcoholic) fluids if conscious.
- Handle gently — sudden movement can trigger heart rhythm issues.
- Evacuate if symptoms are severe or don’t improve quickly.
Northern California’s backcountry offers incredible winter adventures, but conditions can change in minutes. Awareness, preparation, and swift action are your best tools to stay safe.
Stay alert. Stay warm. Stay confident in the backcountry.